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Alcohol
Alcohol consumption in pregnancy can cause developmental and neurological disorders known as Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). These disorders can have lifelong consequences, including physical, behavioral, and cognitive impairments.
Alcohol can harm the developing fetal brain, particularly during the early stages of pregnancy when the brain is rapidly forming. This can result in permanent intellectual and behavioral disabilities. Alcohol exposure in utero can lead to physical abnormalities, including facial deformities, heart defects, and growth deficiencies.