Surgery
Surgical treatment is the definitive one in cases not responding to medical therapy. The main principle behind it is the removal of the part of the disc that is herniated. This operation is called discectomy It can be done either by the open technique through a traditional incision or using an endoscope. Endoscopy is quickly gaining popularity where laser or heat is used to destroy the excess part and relieve the compression.
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Most patients recover fully after the operation and a minority can have lasting symptoms following it. Symptoms can be due to an incomplete decompression -and in such cases, a reoperation is an option- or due to lasting neurological complications, which can heal by themselves or may need medical therapy.